Which of the following is a method used for scheduling in surface line operations?

In surface line operations, scheduling is crucial to ensure that services run smoothly, efficiently, and adhere to established timetables. Fixed scheduling is a method where operations are planned on a predetermined timetable with set intervals and frequencies. This approach allows for consistent service delivery, as schedules remain unchanged regardless of demand fluctuations. Fixed scheduling provides passengers with reliable information about when services will depart and arrive, fostering trust in the transit system.

This method is particularly beneficial in urban areas where routes are relatively stable, and ridership patterns don't fluctuate dramatically throughout the day. It reduces complexities in scheduling and helps maintain order, which is essential for effective surface line management.

While other scheduling methods may have their own advantages in different contexts, fixed scheduling is recognized for its reliability and simplicity in surface line operations.